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- ======================================================================== Excerpted from the Fall 1988 "Skeptical Inquirer" - the Journal of
- the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) Vol.13, No.1 To subscribe, call toll free 1-800-634-1
- 610========================================================================By Martin Gardner:NOTES OF A FRINGE-WATCHER - Reich the Rainmaker
- : The Orgone Obsession OF THE MANY fringe psychotherapies that flourished in the fifties, the two most bizarre were each foun
- ded by a paranoid egotist who had not the foggiest understanding of scientific method or even of the fields in which he cl
- aimed revolutionary discoveries. One was Scientology, the other was orgonomy. Orgone energy - an energy no physicist outside
- orgonomy circles has detected - was "discovered" by Wilhelm Reich (1897-1956), who began his tragic career an an Austrian
- associate of Freud. After being expelled from the German Communist Party, and later from the International Psychoanalytic Associ
- ation, Reich eventually settled in the United States, where he established a "laboratory" at Rangeley, Maine. Reich first discov
- ered orgone energy in living things, hence its name, but he soon became convinced that it was a primeval force responsible for t
- he evolution of the universe, for gravity, for life, and for the energy released in sexual orgasms. He announced that he had cre
- ated living cells from inorganic matter and that cancer cells are actually protozoa that "have a tail and move in the manner of
- fish." Orgone energy, he insisted, made the sky blue and caused stars to twinkle, as if physicists hadn't long understood such p
- henomena. Reich's main therapeutic tool was what he called an "orgone accumulator." It is a box about the size of a phone boo
- th, its walls made of alternating layers of metal and organic material. (One is on display in St. Louis's National Museum of Qua
- ckery.) There are no electrical connections. You sit inside to soak up orgone energy that accumulates inside the box like heat i
- n a greenhouse. The concentrated orgone is said to relieve symptoms of almost every illness from cancer to impotence. Smaller mo
- dels, such as the shooter box, the orgone blanket, and the orgone funnel, apply orgone to ailing body parts. Thousands
- of intelligent people with only a dim knowledge of science - including writers, artists, actors, educators, even philosophers -
- sat inside orgone boxes and believed they were enormously benefitted. The comic Orson Bean sang the praises of orgonomy in his b
- ook "Me and the Orgone." "WR: Mysteries of the Organism" was a comic film about orgonomy by Yugoslav filmmaker Dusan Makavejev,
- who had earlier been enamoured of Reich's ability to stir together psychoanalysis and Marxism. Unable to get published in mai
- nstream journals, Reich came more and more to resemble a movie version of the mad scientist. He likened himself to such martyrs
- as Socrates, Bruno, Galileo, and Jesus. Soon he was discovering that orgone had a destructive side he called "DOR," an acronym f
- or Deadly Orgone Energy. To dispel the DOR that accumulated in the atmosphere, Reich invented what he called a "cloudbuster"(Not
- e: See the now rare Donald Sutherland Video with that British Singer - Tom Mickus). It consisted of long parallel pipes, their e
- mpty interiors "grounded" by hollow cables to a source of flowing water. Like a lightening rod, the machine was supposed to draw
- DOR from the sky. To his amazement, Reich found that his machine would also condense clouds and produce rain. "One may create c
- louds in the cloud-free sky in a certain manner by disturbing the eveness in the distribution of the atmospheric orgone energy..
- .The more clouds that are present and the heavier the clouds, the easier it is to induce growth of clouds and finally rain" (Sel
- ected Writings, p.444). This was topped by a still more sensational discovery. Reich observed that when his cloudburster was
- operating it attracted EA's. EA stood for Energy Alpha, Reich's term for a UFO. (Reich was fond of acronyms like HIG for Hoodlum
- s in Government, EPPO for Emotional Plague Prevention Office, and dozens of others.) EA's are propelled by orgone motors that gi
- ve off vast quantities of DOR. At first Reich thought this was an innocent by-product of spaceships, but soon became convinced t
- hat evil aliens were spying on him and intentionally damaging the area. Fortunately his cloudbuster drained the DOR from their m
- otors, forcing the EA's to flee. In 1954, when Reich banished his first EA, he recorded the great event in his notebook
- : "Tonight for the first time in the history of man, the war waged for ages by living beings from outer space upon this earth...
- was reciprocated...with positive results." The battle took place in Arizona. Here is how Reich's son Peter described it in A Boo
- k of Dreams, a touching biography of his father: I was just about to go back downstairs when
- I saw it, hovering in the south. I watched it for a minute. It pulsated and glowed. Then I ran to
- get daddy. He was sitting in his work room at a long desk writing in one of his red ledger books.
- "Daddy, I spotted one. In the east. It looks pretty big." [Peter went to summon
- Reich's daughter, Eva, and her husband, Bill.] Bill pulled out his binoculars. "Boy, it sure i
- s something," he said, handing the glasses to Eva. She looked for a while and said, "I knew it wou
- ld come ." Daddy took off his hat and pushed his hand through his long silvery
- hair. "I wish I knew if this was an attack or if they were just observing the Earth."
- * * * I moved the cloudbuster slowly from one side of the EA to th
- e other. I let it draw on the right side for a while and then dipped it slowly like a baby's cradl
- e on a yo-yo and rubbed back and forth at the sky beneath it before coming back up to the
- other side. I let the cloudbuster orunize on either side... "Why its gone!" Bill s
- aid... Daddy said, "That was very good Peeps, very good. You are a real good little soldier
- because you have discovered a new way to disable EA's. I am very proud of you." Reich's las
- t and craziest book, "Contact with Space", was published posthumously in a limited edition and is now extremely rare. It tells o
- f his efforts to save the world from the CORE (Cosmic Orgone Energy) men, Reich's term for the aliens from space. "On March 20,
- 1956, 10 P.M." the book opens, "a thought of a very remote possibility entered my mind, which I fear will never leave me again.
- Am I a spaceman? Do I belong to a new race on earth, bred by men from outer space in embraces with earth women?" What inspired t
- his thought? It was seeing the science-fiction film "The Day the Earth Stood Still", about a spaceman who comes to Earth in
- a flying saucer to save us from self-destruction in a nuclear war. "All through the film," Reich says, "I had a distinct impre
- ssion that it was a bit of "my story" which was depicted there, even the actor's expressions and looks reminded me and others of
- myself as I had appeared 15 to 20 years ago." In 1956 the Food and Drug Administration, convinced that orgone boxes were dam
- aging the health of gullible people by keeping them from needed medical care, ordered Reich to stop shipping them across state l
- ines. Reich defied the injunction and was hauled off to court, where he served as his own attorney. The court proceedings sketch
- a tragic picture of a man seriously ill with delusions of grandeur and persecution. Sentenced to jail for two years and fined $
- 10,000, Reich entered Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary persuaded that President Eisenhower, whom he greatly admired, knew of his g
- enuis and would pardon him. Reich died in prison of a heart attack, at the age of 60, a few weeks before he was to be released.
- To the end he believed his persecution was a conspiracy by a group of "red fascists" inside the FDA who were trying to steal for
- Russia the secret Y factor he claimed was necessary to operate another of is inventions, a motor that ran on orgone energy.
- One might have thought that today's orgonomists (science cults never die, they just slowly fade after the death of their c
- harismatic gurus) would confine themselves to Reich's youthful contributions to psychoanalysis, which are reasonably sane and st
- ill greatly admired by many psychiatrists, but no - most of them buy it all. Almost all of Reich's books, including some of the
- funniest (unconsciously funny, of course, because Reich had no sense of humour), are back in print by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux
- , and a raft of books have been written about him. The worst is by Colin Wilson, England's intrepid journalist of all things occ
- ult. The most reliable biography is "Fury on Earth" (1983) by Myron Sharaf, whose own wife had an affair with Reich. As Reich's
- third wife, Ilse Ollendorff, discloses in her canid biography, Reich was intensely jealour of her, while insisting on the Victor
- ian freedom to have sexual romps of his own. In 1967 the remnant faithful founded the semi-annual "Journal of Orgonomy"
- , and a year later, the American College of Orgonomy. In 1987 the new "college" moved its headquarters from Manhattan to Princet
- on, New Jersey. Patricia Humphrey, wife of conservative Republican Senator Gordon Humphrey from New Hampshire, was chairperson o
- f a committee that raised $2.5 million for a college building and is now conducting a drive for an additional $3 million.
- The most active rainmaker associated with the college is Dr. V. James DeMeo, Jr. He got his B.S. degree from Florida Internat
- ional University, Miami, in 1975, and his master's in 1979 from thje University of Kansas, Lawrence. His thesis (available from
- Ann Arbor's University Microfilms, ID number 13-13336) is titled "Preliminary Analysis of Changes in Kansas Weather Coincidental
- to Experimental Operation with a Reichian Cloudbuster." His Ph.D. thesis (University of Kansas, 1986) is "On the Origin and Dif
- fusion of Patrism: The Saharian Connection." Formerly an assistant professor of geology and geography at Illinois State Universi
- ty, Bloomington, he is now assistant professor of geography at the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls. DeMeo's cl
- oudbuster, which he calls "Icarus," consists of ten parallel aluminum pipes, 3 inches in diameter and 18 feet long. The space in
- side the pipes is, as Reich specified, "grounded" by empty tubes to a source of nonstagnant water. When not in use, the lower en
- ds of the tubes are stoppered and taken out of the water. The pipes can be raised, lowered, and swiveled by electrical controls
- to point at any spot in the sky. In an interview in Bloomington's Daily "Pantagraph" (August 9,1983), DeMeo explained that water
- grounding was necessary because of a not-yet-understood property of water that relates it to air pressure and magnetism: "For e
- xample, when you soak in a tub of hot water, the water draws tensions from your body." In analogous fashion, the water alters th
- e atmostphere's "tension parameter." To cause rain, the pipes are aimed not at the clouds but at nearby areas to relieve t
- he "tensions" that prevent the clouds from releasing rain. "Every phase of Reich's orgone theory was derived experimentally,"
- DeMeo wrote in reply to angry letters in the Pantagraph. He accuses his critics of the same prejudice that persecuted Galileo a
- nd that provokes "otherwise calm and rational people into fits of irrational rage." In a "National Enquirer" article that som
- eone sent me undated, DeMeo put it this way: "The theory is simple enough. The atmosphere stagnates into deadly orgone and my ma
- chine simply conducts energy from the stagnant area." He claimed 13 rainmaking successes out of 15 attempts. When the machine
- is on, birds tend to flock around it, and to fly away when it's off. Cumulus clouds of moderate size dissipate when the pipe
- s of Icarus are pointed toward them, but they grow larger when the pipes are aimed to one side. In 1987, at the Arid Lands Co
- nference in El Paso, Texas, DeMeo gave a paper on "A Cloudbursting Expedition into the Southeast Drought Zone, August 1986." Fun
- ded by the American College of Orgonomy, DeMeo and his associate Robert Morris, a Reichian therapist, took two cloudbusters into
- Georgia and South Carolina to relieve a major dry spell. From August 6 through 12 they moved the machines from place to place,
- at 13 different sites. DeMeo claims huge success in triggering rain. The cloudbusters operated poorly, however, in "areas
- where nuclear plants were located....In those cases the orgone continuum around the cloudbuster became over-exercised, eliciting
- a mild to severe oranur reaction" that made everybody feel "uneasy." ORANUR was Reich's acronym for Orgonomic Anti-Nuclear Radi
- ation. DeMeo and Morris identify themselves as co-directors of Rainworks, and of the Orgone Biophysical Research Laboratory.
- DeMeo is tireless in traveling around the country giving profitable lectures and weekend workshops on orgone biophysics.
- He also makes and sells a variety of devices, such as the orgonotester ($1,500) and a pendulum that oscillates with orgone energ
- y ($150). At the close of his El Paso lecture he thanked Fred Westphal for his help. Westphal is a philosopher at the University
- of Miami, Coral Gables, and the author of two philosophy textbooks published by Prentice-Hall. There are rival Reichian grou
- ps. Courtney Baker, M.D., son of the founder of the American College of Orgonomy, heads the Institute for Orgonomic Science, whi
- ch issues an annual periodical. Lois Wyvell, former editor of the college's journal, now publishes her own quarterly, "Offshoots
- of Orgonomy". Jerome Eden, in Carrywood, Idaho, issues a newsletter, heavily UFO oriented, from his Center for Orgonomic
- Education. These and other splinter groups are sharply hostile toward one another, and toward Mary Higgins, administrator of the
- Reich Infant Trust Fund, which owns and operates the Reichian Museum, in Rangeley. Eva Reich has unsuccessfully sued the fund f
- or access to her father's papers, and Higgins has repeatedly sued Reichian groups for copyright infringements. Lore, Reich's oth
- er daughter by his first wife, is an orthodox Freudian analyst in Pittsburgh, with no interest in orgonomy. When Reich
- first observed that heat inside his orgone box rose above room temperature, he wrote to Einstein asking for a meeting to discuss
- this discovery. They met in 1941. Later Einstein wrote to Reich that the temperature does indeed rise, but there is a simpler e
- xplanation than concentrated orgone. Reich called this the "Einstein affair." Poor Einstein! In Reich's eyes he lacked the visio
- n to see the discovery of orgone as ushering in a new Copernician Revolution, and one that would save our planet from the twin d
- angers of a nuclear holocaust and an attack by extraterrestrials.=====================================================================
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